array(2) {
  [712926]=>
  string(9) "222337854"
  [712927]=>
  string(9) "222337855"
}
array(2) {
  [222337854]=>
  object(Drupal\node\Entity\Node)#4162 (30) {
    ["entityTypeId":protected]=>
    string(4) "node"
    ["enforceIsNew":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["typedData":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["cacheContexts":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["cacheTags":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["cacheMaxAge":protected]=>
    int(-1)
    ["_serviceIds":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["_entityStorages":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["values":protected]=>
    array(27) {
      ["nid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(9) "222337854"
      }
      ["vid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(6) "712926"
      }
      ["type"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(13) "person_course"
      }
      ["uuid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(36) "c609e365-404a-4a1b-bb99-3a31e409e7ac"
      }
      ["langcode"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(2) "en"
      }
      ["revision_uid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["revision_timestamp"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(10) "1731427526"
      }
      ["revision_log"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        NULL
      }
      ["revision_default"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["isDefaultRevision"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["status"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["uid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["title"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(23) "Principles of Computing"
      }
      ["created"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(10) "1731427526"
      }
      ["changed"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(10) "1731427526"
      }
      ["promote"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["sticky"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["default_langcode"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["revision_translation_affected"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["feeds_item"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(5) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(2) "10"
            ["imported"]=>
            string(10) "1731427526"
            ["url"]=>
            NULL
            ["guid"]=>
            NULL
            ["hash"]=>
            string(32) "e56fa184c9ff8c98187ca5af9ddb184e"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_academic_semester"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(4) "7827"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_course"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(9) "222337626"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_person"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(9) "222219369"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_semester"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(4) "7219"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_unique_courseid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["value"]=>
            string(9) "15110-S25"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_unique_id"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["value"]=>
            string(10) "1731031513"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_year"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["value"]=>
            string(4) "2025"
          }
        }
      }
    }
    ["fields":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["fieldDefinitions":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["languages":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["langcodeKey":protected]=>
    string(8) "langcode"
    ["defaultLangcodeKey":protected]=>
    string(16) "default_langcode"
    ["activeLangcode":protected]=>
    string(9) "x-default"
    ["enforceDefaultTranslation":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["defaultLangcode":protected]=>
    string(2) "en"
    ["translations":protected]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["status"]=>
        int(1)
      }
    }
    ["translationInitialize":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["newRevision":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["isDefaultRevision":protected]=>
    string(1) "1"
    ["entityKeys":protected]=>
    array(4) {
      ["bundle"]=>
      string(13) "person_course"
      ["id"]=>
      string(9) "222337854"
      ["revision"]=>
      string(6) "712926"
      ["uuid"]=>
      string(36) "c609e365-404a-4a1b-bb99-3a31e409e7ac"
    }
    ["translatableEntityKeys":protected]=>
    array(8) {
      ["label"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(23) "Principles of Computing"
      }
      ["langcode"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(2) "en"
      }
      ["status"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["published"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["uid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["owner"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["default_langcode"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["revision_translation_affected"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
    }
    ["validated":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["validationRequired":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["loadedRevisionId":protected]=>
    string(6) "712926"
    ["revisionTranslationAffectedKey":protected]=>
    string(29) "revision_translation_affected"
    ["enforceRevisionTranslationAffected":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["isSyncing":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["in_preview"]=>
    NULL
  }
  [222337855]=>
  object(Drupal\node\Entity\Node)#4164 (30) {
    ["entityTypeId":protected]=>
    string(4) "node"
    ["enforceIsNew":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["typedData":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["cacheContexts":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["cacheTags":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["cacheMaxAge":protected]=>
    int(-1)
    ["_serviceIds":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["_entityStorages":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["values":protected]=>
    array(27) {
      ["nid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(9) "222337855"
      }
      ["vid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(6) "712927"
      }
      ["type"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(13) "person_course"
      }
      ["uuid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(36) "a2110a01-a3cc-4f15-8b5a-1422b7ceb921"
      }
      ["langcode"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(2) "en"
      }
      ["revision_uid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["revision_timestamp"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(10) "1731427526"
      }
      ["revision_log"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        NULL
      }
      ["revision_default"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["isDefaultRevision"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["status"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["uid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["title"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(23) "Principles of Computing"
      }
      ["created"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(10) "1731427526"
      }
      ["changed"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(10) "1731427526"
      }
      ["promote"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["sticky"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["default_langcode"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["revision_translation_affected"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["feeds_item"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(5) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(2) "10"
            ["imported"]=>
            string(10) "1731427526"
            ["url"]=>
            NULL
            ["guid"]=>
            NULL
            ["hash"]=>
            string(32) "c88b3296cf7ffa7635ff6fac0abcabc5"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_academic_semester"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(4) "7827"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_course"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(9) "222337626"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_person"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(5) "16227"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_semester"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["target_id"]=>
            string(4) "7219"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_unique_courseid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["value"]=>
            string(9) "15110-S25"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_unique_id"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["value"]=>
            string(10) "1731031514"
          }
        }
      }
      ["field_year"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        array(1) {
          [0]=>
          array(1) {
            ["value"]=>
            string(4) "2025"
          }
        }
      }
    }
    ["fields":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["fieldDefinitions":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["languages":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["langcodeKey":protected]=>
    string(8) "langcode"
    ["defaultLangcodeKey":protected]=>
    string(16) "default_langcode"
    ["activeLangcode":protected]=>
    string(9) "x-default"
    ["enforceDefaultTranslation":protected]=>
    NULL
    ["defaultLangcode":protected]=>
    string(2) "en"
    ["translations":protected]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["status"]=>
        int(1)
      }
    }
    ["translationInitialize":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["newRevision":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["isDefaultRevision":protected]=>
    string(1) "1"
    ["entityKeys":protected]=>
    array(4) {
      ["bundle"]=>
      string(13) "person_course"
      ["id"]=>
      string(9) "222337855"
      ["revision"]=>
      string(6) "712927"
      ["uuid"]=>
      string(36) "a2110a01-a3cc-4f15-8b5a-1422b7ceb921"
    }
    ["translatableEntityKeys":protected]=>
    array(8) {
      ["label"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(23) "Principles of Computing"
      }
      ["langcode"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(2) "en"
      }
      ["status"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["published"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["uid"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["owner"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "0"
      }
      ["default_langcode"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
      ["revision_translation_affected"]=>
      array(1) {
        ["x-default"]=>
        string(1) "1"
      }
    }
    ["validated":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["validationRequired":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["loadedRevisionId":protected]=>
    string(6) "712927"
    ["revisionTranslationAffectedKey":protected]=>
    string(29) "revision_translation_affected"
    ["enforceRevisionTranslationAffected":protected]=>
    array(0) {
    }
    ["isSyncing":protected]=>
    bool(false)
    ["in_preview"]=>
    NULL
  }
}
object(Drupal\node\Entity\Node)#4162 (30) {
  ["entityTypeId":protected]=>
  string(4) "node"
  ["enforceIsNew":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["typedData":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["cacheContexts":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["cacheTags":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["cacheMaxAge":protected]=>
  int(-1)
  ["_serviceIds":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["_entityStorages":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["values":protected]=>
  array(27) {
    ["nid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(9) "222337854"
    }
    ["vid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(6) "712926"
    }
    ["type"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(13) "person_course"
    }
    ["uuid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(36) "c609e365-404a-4a1b-bb99-3a31e409e7ac"
    }
    ["langcode"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(2) "en"
    }
    ["revision_uid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["revision_timestamp"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(10) "1731427526"
    }
    ["revision_log"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      NULL
    }
    ["revision_default"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["isDefaultRevision"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["status"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["uid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["title"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(23) "Principles of Computing"
    }
    ["created"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(10) "1731427526"
    }
    ["changed"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(10) "1731427526"
    }
    ["promote"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["sticky"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["default_langcode"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["revision_translation_affected"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["feeds_item"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(5) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(2) "10"
          ["imported"]=>
          string(10) "1731427526"
          ["url"]=>
          NULL
          ["guid"]=>
          NULL
          ["hash"]=>
          string(32) "e56fa184c9ff8c98187ca5af9ddb184e"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_academic_semester"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(4) "7827"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_course"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(9) "222337626"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_person"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(9) "222219369"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_semester"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(4) "7219"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_unique_courseid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["value"]=>
          string(9) "15110-S25"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_unique_id"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["value"]=>
          string(10) "1731031513"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_year"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["value"]=>
          string(4) "2025"
        }
      }
    }
  }
  ["fields":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["fieldDefinitions":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["languages":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["langcodeKey":protected]=>
  string(8) "langcode"
  ["defaultLangcodeKey":protected]=>
  string(16) "default_langcode"
  ["activeLangcode":protected]=>
  string(9) "x-default"
  ["enforceDefaultTranslation":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["defaultLangcode":protected]=>
  string(2) "en"
  ["translations":protected]=>
  array(1) {
    ["x-default"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["status"]=>
      int(1)
    }
  }
  ["translationInitialize":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["newRevision":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["isDefaultRevision":protected]=>
  string(1) "1"
  ["entityKeys":protected]=>
  array(4) {
    ["bundle"]=>
    string(13) "person_course"
    ["id"]=>
    string(9) "222337854"
    ["revision"]=>
    string(6) "712926"
    ["uuid"]=>
    string(36) "c609e365-404a-4a1b-bb99-3a31e409e7ac"
  }
  ["translatableEntityKeys":protected]=>
  array(8) {
    ["label"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(23) "Principles of Computing"
    }
    ["langcode"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(2) "en"
    }
    ["status"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["published"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["uid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["owner"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["default_langcode"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["revision_translation_affected"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
  }
  ["validated":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["validationRequired":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["loadedRevisionId":protected]=>
  string(6) "712926"
  ["revisionTranslationAffectedKey":protected]=>
  string(29) "revision_translation_affected"
  ["enforceRevisionTranslationAffected":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["isSyncing":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["in_preview"]=>
  NULL
}
object(Drupal\node\Entity\Node)#4164 (30) {
  ["entityTypeId":protected]=>
  string(4) "node"
  ["enforceIsNew":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["typedData":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["cacheContexts":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["cacheTags":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["cacheMaxAge":protected]=>
  int(-1)
  ["_serviceIds":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["_entityStorages":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["values":protected]=>
  array(27) {
    ["nid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(9) "222337855"
    }
    ["vid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(6) "712927"
    }
    ["type"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(13) "person_course"
    }
    ["uuid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(36) "a2110a01-a3cc-4f15-8b5a-1422b7ceb921"
    }
    ["langcode"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(2) "en"
    }
    ["revision_uid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["revision_timestamp"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(10) "1731427526"
    }
    ["revision_log"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      NULL
    }
    ["revision_default"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["isDefaultRevision"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["status"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["uid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["title"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(23) "Principles of Computing"
    }
    ["created"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(10) "1731427526"
    }
    ["changed"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(10) "1731427526"
    }
    ["promote"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["sticky"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["default_langcode"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["revision_translation_affected"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["feeds_item"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(5) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(2) "10"
          ["imported"]=>
          string(10) "1731427526"
          ["url"]=>
          NULL
          ["guid"]=>
          NULL
          ["hash"]=>
          string(32) "c88b3296cf7ffa7635ff6fac0abcabc5"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_academic_semester"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(4) "7827"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_course"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(9) "222337626"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_person"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(5) "16227"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_semester"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["target_id"]=>
          string(4) "7219"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_unique_courseid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["value"]=>
          string(9) "15110-S25"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_unique_id"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["value"]=>
          string(10) "1731031514"
        }
      }
    }
    ["field_year"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        array(1) {
          ["value"]=>
          string(4) "2025"
        }
      }
    }
  }
  ["fields":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["fieldDefinitions":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["languages":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["langcodeKey":protected]=>
  string(8) "langcode"
  ["defaultLangcodeKey":protected]=>
  string(16) "default_langcode"
  ["activeLangcode":protected]=>
  string(9) "x-default"
  ["enforceDefaultTranslation":protected]=>
  NULL
  ["defaultLangcode":protected]=>
  string(2) "en"
  ["translations":protected]=>
  array(1) {
    ["x-default"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["status"]=>
      int(1)
    }
  }
  ["translationInitialize":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["newRevision":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["isDefaultRevision":protected]=>
  string(1) "1"
  ["entityKeys":protected]=>
  array(4) {
    ["bundle"]=>
    string(13) "person_course"
    ["id"]=>
    string(9) "222337855"
    ["revision"]=>
    string(6) "712927"
    ["uuid"]=>
    string(36) "a2110a01-a3cc-4f15-8b5a-1422b7ceb921"
  }
  ["translatableEntityKeys":protected]=>
  array(8) {
    ["label"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(23) "Principles of Computing"
    }
    ["langcode"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(2) "en"
    }
    ["status"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["published"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["uid"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["owner"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "0"
    }
    ["default_langcode"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
    ["revision_translation_affected"]=>
    array(1) {
      ["x-default"]=>
      string(1) "1"
    }
  }
  ["validated":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["validationRequired":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["loadedRevisionId":protected]=>
  string(6) "712927"
  ["revisionTranslationAffectedKey":protected]=>
  string(29) "revision_translation_affected"
  ["enforceRevisionTranslationAffected":protected]=>
  array(0) {
  }
  ["isSyncing":protected]=>
  bool(false)
  ["in_preview"]=>
  NULL
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#">
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8" />
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-169849027-1"></script>
<script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-169849027-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path"});</script>
<meta name="description" content="A course in fundamental computing principles for students with minimal or no computing background. Programming constructs: sequencing, selection, iteration, and recursion. Data organization: arrays and lists. Use of abstraction in computing: data representation, computer organization, computer networks, functional decomposition, and application programming interfaces. Use of computational principles in problem-solving: divide and conquer, randomness, and concurrency." />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://staging.csd.cmu.edu/course/15110/s25" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<link rel="icon" href="/sites/default/files/favicon_0.ico_0_0.gif" type="image/gif" />

			<title>Principles of Computing | Carnegie Mellon University Computer Science Department</title>
			<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/responsive_menus/styles/responsive_menus_simple/css/responsive_menus_simple.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/calendar/css/calendar.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/calendar/css/calendar_multiday.css?sqeo4w" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/csd/css/style.css?sqeo4w" />

				
					<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
					<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
					<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
					<link href="/themes/custom/csd/fontawesome6/pro/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
				</head>
				<body class="path-node page-node-type-course">
										<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable">
						Skip to main content
					</a>
					
					  <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
    <div class="layout-container">

  <header role="banner">
      <div>
    <div id="block-csd-site-branding">
  
    
  			<div class="logo">
			<a href="/" rel="home">
				<img src="/sites/default/files/logo.svg" alt="Home"/>
			</a>
						
	</div>

	<div id="mobilenav" tabindex="0">
		<i class="fas fa-bars" id="mobile-menu">
			<div aria-label="menu" class="visually-hidden focusable">Expand Menu</div>
		</i>
	</div>

	<div class="searchform">
		<form action="/search-results" method="get" accept-charset="UTF-8">
			<div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield">
				<label for="search_api_fulltext" class="visually-hidden">Search</label>
				<input type="text" name="search_api_fulltext" id="search_api_fulltext" value="" placeholder="Enter your search text." size="30" maxlength="30" class="form-text"><input type="submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit">
			</div>
		</form>
	</div>

</div></div>
<nav
	role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-csd-main-menu-menu"  id="block-csd-main-menu">
						
	<h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-csd-main-menu-menu">Main navigation</h2>
	

				
	
						<div class="submenu-background"></div>
			<ul class="menu-level-0">
																						<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  >
						<div
							class="link-arrow-wrapper" tabindex="-1">
														<a href="javascript:;">About</a>
													</div>
						<div class="submenus-wrapper">
							<div class="submenus">
								<div class="submenus-title">
									<h3>Back to Main Menu</h3>
								</div>
								<div class="submenus-wrapper-inner">
									<ul
										class="submenu" aria-hidden="true">
										
										<div class="item-description">
											<h3>
												<a href="/about">
													About
													Main page
												</a>

											</h3>
											<div class="text-container">
												
											</div>
										</div>
									</li>
								</div>
							</div>

																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-1">
																							<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222314602">About</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to About" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222269335">News</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/key-contacts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">Key Contacts</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/about/csd-history" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222238381">History</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/sitemap" data-drupal-link-system-path="sitemap">Sitemap</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/employment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5">Employment</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Employment" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/employment/faculty-hiring" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222218841">Faculty Hiring</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://cmu.wd5.myworkdayjobs.com/CMU?q=CSD" title="CMU HR job listing link - search parameter for Computer Science Department job listings">Staff Hiring</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/dei" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222243091">Diversity, Equity and Inclusion</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Diversity, Equity and Inclusion" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/dei/reportable-incidents" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222243207">Reportable DEI Incidents</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/dei/reporting-chain" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222243249">CSD DEI Reporting Chain &amp; Contacts</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/dei/reporting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222243189">DEI Reporting Process</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/dei/incident-response" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222243253">DEI Incident Response</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/dei/incident-recording-protocol" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222243255">DEI Incident Recording Protocol</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/dei/annual-summaries" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222243145">CSD DEI Annual Summaries</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.scs.cmu.edu/dei/" title="School of Computer Science Diversity, Equity and Inclusion webpages">SCS DEI</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cmu.edu/diversity/" title="Carnegie Mellon Diversity, Equity and Inclusion web pages">Carnegie Mellon DEI</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/marcom/csd-marketing-guidelines" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222227241">Marketing &amp; Communications</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Marketing &amp; Communications" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/scs-media-kit-press-contacts">SCS Marketing &amp; Communications</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/partnerships/">Partnerships </a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/scs-ece-career-center/">Employer Recruiting</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cmu.edu/marcom/">CMU Marketing &amp; Communications</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="https://www.cmu.edu/visit/">Visit Carnegie Mellon</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Visit Carnegie Mellon" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cmu.edu/transportation/park/visitor.html">Visitor Parking</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cmu.edu/visit/maps-parking-transportation.html">Maps &amp; Directions</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://givenow.cmu.edu/campaigns/42524/donations/new?a=7621440" target="_blank">Give</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  >
						<div
							class="link-arrow-wrapper" tabindex="-1">
														<a href="javascript:;">Admissions</a>
													</div>
						<div class="submenus-wrapper">
							<div class="submenus">
								<div class="submenus-title">
									<h3>Back to Main Menu</h3>
								</div>
								<div class="submenus-wrapper-inner">
									<ul
										class="submenu" aria-hidden="true">
										
										<div class="item-description">
											<h3>
												<a href="/admissions/prospective-students">
													Admissions
													Main page
												</a>

											</h3>
											<div class="text-container">
												
											</div>
										</div>
									</li>
								</div>
							</div>

																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-1">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/admissions/prospective-students" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8">Prospective Students</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/bachelors/admissions" title="Main Bachelor&#039;s Program Page" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19208">Bachelor&#039;s Admissions</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Bachelor&#039;s Admissions" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/bachelors/overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1">Bachelor&#039;s Programs</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/bachelors/incoming-student-course-transfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222221663">Incoming Student Course Transfer</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/masters/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19397">Master&#039;s Admissions</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Master&#039;s Admissions" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/masters/overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">Master&#039;s Programs</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/doctoral/admissions" title="Main Doctoral Programs Page" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19564">Doctoral Admissions</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Doctoral Admissions" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral/overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3">Doctoral Programs</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral/phd-open-house" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222185475">Admitted Doctoral Student Open House</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  >
						<div
							class="link-arrow-wrapper" tabindex="-1">
														<a href="javascript:;">Academics</a>
													</div>
						<div class="submenus-wrapper">
							<div class="submenus">
								<div class="submenus-title">
									<h3>Back to Main Menu</h3>
								</div>
								<div class="submenus-wrapper-inner">
									<ul
										class="submenu" aria-hidden="true">
										
										<div class="item-description">
											<h3>
												<a href="/academics">
													Academics
													Main page
												</a>

											</h3>
											<div class="text-container">
												
											</div>
										</div>
									</li>
								</div>
							</div>

																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-1">
																							<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222314444">Academics</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Academics" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/courses" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222314498">Current Semester Courses</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/upcoming-courses" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222335631">Upcoming Semester Courses</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://enr-apps.as.cmu.edu/open/SOC/SOCServlet/search">Schedule of Classes</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="http://coursecatalog.web.cmu.edu/">Undergraduate Catalog</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/bachelors/overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1">Bachelor&#039;s Programs</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Bachelor&#039;s Programs" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/bachelors/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19208">How to Apply as Incoming First-Year</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/bachelors/incoming-student-course-transfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222221663">Incoming Student Course Transfer</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="http://coursecatalog.web.cmu.edu/schools-colleges/schoolofcomputerscience/undergraduatecomputerscience/#bscurriculumtextcontainer">B.S. in CS Curriculum</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/bachelors/bachelors_concentrations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222233931">B.S. in CS Concentrations</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/academics/forms/transfer-credit-evaluation-request">B.S. in CS External Course Transfer</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/bachelors/cs-bachelors-program-contacts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222186289">B.S. in CS Program Contacts</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/guidelines-for-internal-transfer-or-dual-degree" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222315161">Guidelines for Internal Transfer or Dual Degree</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/bachelors/minor-and-additional-major" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19511">Minor and Additional Major in Computer Science</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/academics/undergraduate/programs">Other SCS Undergraduate Programs</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/bachelors/summer-research-for-international-students" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222334253">Summer Research for International Students</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/masters/overview" title="Main Master&#039;s Programs Page" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">Master&#039;s Programs</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Master&#039;s Programs" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/masters/ms-in-computer-science" title="MSCS Program Information" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19391">M.S. in Computer Science</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/masters/fifth-year" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19567">Fifth Year Master&#039;s</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cmu.edu/tepper/programs/mba/curriculum/dual-and-joint-degrees/3-2-mba.html">Accelerated MBA Program</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/masters/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19397">Master&#039;s - How to Apply</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/masters/ms-program-contacts" title="Master&#039;s Programs Contact information" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19395">Master&#039;s Programs Contacts</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/academics/masters/programs">Other SCS Master&#039;s Programs</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/doctoral/overview" title="Doctoral Programs Overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3">Doctoral Programs</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Doctoral Programs" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral/phd-in-computer-science" title="CSD Doctoral Program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222235311">Ph.D. in Computer Science</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral/phd-in-aco" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222332455">Ph.D. in ACO</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://logic.cmu.edu/">Ph.D. in PAL</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/">CNBC Certificate Program</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral/phd-portugal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19455">Ph.D. Dual Degree Portugal</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/doctoral/admissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19564">Doctoral - How to Apply</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Doctoral - How to Apply" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-3">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral/phd-open-house" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222185475">Doctoral Open House</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral/degrees-conferred" title="List of Doctoral Degrees Awarded by CSD" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222332446">Degrees Conferred</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/academics/phd/programs">Other SCS Doctoral Programs</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/current-student-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222232881">Student Resources</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Student Resources" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/current-student-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222232881">General Student Resources</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/current-student-resources/undergraduate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222314501">Bachelor&#039;s Resources</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/current-student-resources/masters-student-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222314549">Master&#039;s Resources</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/current-student-resources/doctoral-resources">Doctoral Resources</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Doctoral Resources" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-3">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral-resources/phd-handbook" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222337930">Doctoral Program Handbook</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral-resources/doctoral-breadth-courses" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222335646">Doctoral Breadth Courses</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral-resources/dsr-schedule" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222337122">Doctoral Student Review Schedule</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral-resources/writing-skills-requirement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222335690">Doctoral Writing Skills</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral-resources/speaking-skills" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222315428">Doctoral Speaking Skills</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academic/doctoral-resources/thesis-proposal-process" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222335689">Doctoral Thesis Proposal Process</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral-resources/thesis-oral-defense-process" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222334428">Doctoral Thesis Oral Defense Process</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral-resources/ombudspersons" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222217181">Doctoral Student Ombudspersons</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/doctoral/csd-doctoral-service-award" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222315931">Doctoral Student Service Award</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  >
						<div
							class="link-arrow-wrapper" tabindex="-1">
														<a href="javascript:;">People</a>
													</div>
						<div class="submenus-wrapper">
							<div class="submenus">
								<div class="submenus-title">
									<h3>Back to Main Menu</h3>
								</div>
								<div class="submenus-wrapper-inner">
									<ul
										class="submenu" aria-hidden="true">
										
										<div class="item-description">
											<h3>
												<a href="/people/all">
													People
													Main page
												</a>

											</h3>
											<div class="text-container">
												
											</div>
										</div>
									</li>
								</div>
							</div>

																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-1">
																							<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/people/all" data-drupal-link-system-path="people/all">Directory</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Directory" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/people/doctoral" data-drupal-link-system-path="people/doctoral">Doctoral </a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/people/faculty" data-drupal-link-system-path="people/faculty">Faculty</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/people/post-docs" data-drupal-link-system-path="people/post-docs">Postdoctoral</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/people/staff" data-drupal-link-system-path="people/staff">Staff</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/key-contacts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">Key Contacts</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/staff-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11">Staff Resources</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/academics/current-student-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222232881">Student Resources</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Student Resources" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/current-student-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222232881">General Student Resources</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/current-student-resources/undergraduate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222314501">Bachelor&#039;s Resources</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/current-student-resources/masters-student-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/222314549">Master&#039;s Resources</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/academics/current-student-resources/doctoral-resources">Doctoral Resources</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/faculty-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Faculty Resources</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  >
						<div
							class="link-arrow-wrapper" tabindex="-1">
														<a href="javascript:;">Research</a>
													</div>
						<div class="submenus-wrapper">
							<div class="submenus">
								<div class="submenus-title">
									<h3>Back to Main Menu</h3>
								</div>
								<div class="submenus-wrapper-inner">
									<ul
										class="submenu" aria-hidden="true">
										
										<div class="item-description">
											<h3>
												<a href="/research">
													Research
													Main page
												</a>

											</h3>
											<div class="text-container">
												
											</div>
										</div>
									</li>
								</div>
							</div>

																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-1">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/faculty-research-guide" title="Research Guide Intro">Faculty Research Guide</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/research/research-areas/artificial-intelligence" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2569">Artificial Intelligence</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Artificial Intelligence" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/computational-neuroscience" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2504">Computational Neuroscience</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/machine-learning" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/7824">Machine Learning</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/robotics" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2523">Robotics</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/research/research-areas/graphics" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2520">Graphics</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Graphics" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/robotics" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2523">Robotics</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/research/research-areas/programming-languages" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2505">Programming Languages</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Programming Languages" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/formal-methods" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2512">Formal Methods</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/pure-and-applied-logic" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2658">Pure and Applied Logic</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/software-engineering" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2522">Software Engineering</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/software-verification" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/3651">Software Verification</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/type-theory" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2659">Type Theory</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/research/research-areas/security" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/4097">Security</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Security" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/cryptography" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/4521">Cryptography</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/security-and-privacy" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2508">Security and Privacy</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/research/research-areas/systems" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2660">Systems</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Systems" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/computer-architecture" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2519">Computer Architecture</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/databases" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/3221">Databases</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/data-intensive-and-cloud-computing" title="link to data-intensive and cloud computing research sub-area" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2535">Data-intensive and Cloud Computing</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/distributed-systems" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2506">Distributed Systems</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/human-computer-interaction" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2516">Human-Computer Interaction</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/mobile-and-pervasive-computing" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2524">Mobile &amp; Pervasive Computing</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/networking" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2507">Networking</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/operating-systems" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/4317">Operating Systems</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/scientific-computing" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/3191">Scientific Computing</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"  							><a href="/research/research-areas/theory" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2661">Theory</a>
							<br>
							<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" class="related-links" title="show links related to Theory" aria-expanded="false">Related links<span class="line-segment" tabindex="-1"></span>
							</a>
																							
							<ul class="menu menu-level-2">
																							<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/algorithms-and-complexity" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2502">Algorithms and Complexity</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/game-theory" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/2662">Game Theory</a>
														</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="/research/research-areas/performance-modeling-analysis" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/4319">Performance Modeling Analysis</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
					</ul>
	
									</li>
																		<li class="menu-item" 						><a href="https://givenow.cmu.edu/campaigns/42524/donations/new?a=7621440">Give</a>
														</li>
					</ul>
	

<div class="close">
	<a href="javascript:;" tabindex="0" aria-label="close subnavigation">x</a>
</div>


	</nav>

  </div>

  </header>

  
  

  

    <div>
    <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>

  </div>


  

  <main role="main">
    <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
    <div class="layout-content
        ">
        <div>
    <div id="block-csd-content">
  
    
      <div id="block-csd-breadcrumbs">
	<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb">
		<h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2>
		<ol>
			<li>
				<a href="/">Home</a>
			</li>
			<li>
																													<a href="/academics/courses">Current Courses</a>
							</li>
			<li>
				<a href="https://csd.cmu.edu/course/15090/f24">Computer Science Practicum</a>
			</li>
		</ol>
	</nav>
</div>


<div class="pagecontainer">
	<div class="page__content has-sidebar">
		<article class="course--full">
			
			<h1>
				<a href="/course/15110/s25" rel="bookmark"><span>Principles of Computing</span>
</a>
			</h1>
			


			<h2>
				<strong>Course ID</strong>
				15110</h2>
		</h2>

				<strong>Description</strong>
		A course in fundamental computing principles for students with minimal or no  computing background. Programming constructs: sequencing, selection,  iteration, and recursion. Data organization: arrays and lists. Use of  abstraction in computing: data representation, computer organization,  computer networks, functional decomposition, and application programming  interfaces. Use of computational principles in problem-solving: divide and conquer, randomness, and concurrency. Classification of computational problems  based on complexity, non-computable functions, and using heuristics to  find reasonable solutions to complex problems. Social, ethical and legal  issues associated with the development of new computational artifacts will  also be discussed.
	</p>

	

		<p>
			<strong>Course Relevance</strong><br>
			
            A course in fundamental computing principles for students with little to no computing background.
      </p>
	

			<p>
			<strong>Learning Resources</strong><br>
			
            Canvas, OLI, Piazza, Autolab, Gradescope,
      </p>
	
			<p>
			<strong>Assessment Structure
			</strong><br>
			
            10 Problem Sets: 15% (1.5% each), 10 Programming Assignments: 15% (1.5% each), Lab Participation: 5%, In-Lecture Quizzes: 5%, 2 Lab Exams: 10% (5% each), 3 Written Exams: 30% (10% each), Final Exam: 20%
      
		</p>
	
	
			<p>
			<strong>Course Link</strong><br>
			<a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~15110/">https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~15110/</a></p>
	</article></div><div class="sidebar__content">
<div class="sidebar-menu">
							<div class="views-element-container instructorblock"> <header>
				<p>
					<strong>
						Instructor(s)
					</strong>
				</p>
			</header>
			<div>
				<a href = "/node/222219369">Franceska Xhakaj</a><br><a href = "/node/16227">Kelly Rivers</a><br>
			</div>
		</div>
	
	<ul>
		<li><a href="/academics/courses">Current Semester Courses</a></li>
		<li><a href="/academics/upcoming-courses">Upcoming Semester Courses</a></li>
		<li><a href="/academics/doctoral-resources/doctoral-breadth-courses">Doctoral Breadth Courses</a></li>
		<li><a href="http://coursecatalog.web.cmu.edu" target="_blank">Course Catalog</a></li>
		<li><a href="https://enr-apps.as.cmu.edu/open/SOC/SOCServlet/search" target="_blank">Schedule of Classes</a></li>

	</ul>
</div></div></div></div>

  </div>

  </div>

    </div>
                    
    
  </main>

  
      <footer role="contentinfo">
        <div>
    <div id="block-footer">
  
    
      
            <div class="layout-container"><div class="left"><h2>Computer Science Department</h2>

<div class="address__cmu"><strong>Carnegie Mellon University</strong></div>

<div class="address__street">5000 Forbes Avenue</div>

<div class="address__city">Pittsburgh, PA 15213</div>

<div class="address__phone">Fax: 412-268-5576</div>
<div class="social-icons"><a href="/key-contacts" title="CSD key contacts"><i class="fa-regular fa-envelope"></i></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.twitter.com/CSDatCMU" target="_blank" title="go to x/twitter"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://mastodon.acm.org/@CSDatCMU" target="_blank" title="go to mastodon"><i class="fa-brands fa-mastodon"></i></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/CSDatCMU" target="_blank" title="go to facebook"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f"></i></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/csdatcmu/" target="_blank" title="go to linkedIn"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin-in"></i></a></div>
</div>

<div class="right">
  <p><a href="https://www.scs.cmu.edu" target="new"><img alt="Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science" src="/themes/custom/csd/images/scs-logo.png"></a></p>

<ul>
    <li><a href="https://www.cmu.edu/" target="_blank">Pittsburgh Campus</a><br></li>
    <li><a href="https://www.qatar.cmu.edu" target="_blank">Qatar Campus</a><br></li>
    <li><a href="https://www.cmu.edu/legal/" target="_blank">Legal Info</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>

      
  </div>

  </div>

    </footer>
  
</div>
  </div>

					
					<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/222337626","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-169849027-1","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"responsive_menus":[{"toggler_text":"\u2630 Menu","selectors":["#main-menu"],"media_size":768,"media_unit":"px","absolute":1,"disable_mouse_events":0,"remove_attributes":1,"responsive_menus_style":"responsive_menus_simple"}],"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"da5442d8df4b1ff9b6dbcde8a1b720881e43a16fe142f61eaf3fb4edc46d1cf6"}}</script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/csd/js/main.js?sqeo4w"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_analytics/js/google_analytics.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/responsive_menus/styles/responsive_menus_simple/js/responsive_menus_simple.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
</body>
				</html>